Domain

BAT Techniques

1.  General energy management

1.1  Sub-metering,

1.2  Process monitoring and automatic control systems for flow control, filling volumes, temperatures and timing;

1.3  Insulation of pipework, valves and flanges

1.4  Frequency controlled electric motors and pumps

1.5  Closed design of machines to reduce vapour loss

1.6  Water and liquor re-use/recycling in batch processes

1.7  Heat recovery e.g. rinse water, steam condensate, process exhaust air, combustion gases

2.  Washing and rinsing process

2.1  Use of cooling water as process water

2.2  Replacement of overflow washing with drainage/inflow washing

2.3  Use of 'smart' rinsing technologies with water flow controls and counter currents

2.4  Installation of heat exchangers

3.  Drying and curing using stenter frames

3.1  Optimisation of air flow

3.2  Insulation of enclosures

3.3  Installation of Efficient burner systems

3.4  Installation of heat recovery systems

Note:  New BAT techniques referenced and recommended by EU Member State authorities after the date of publication of the European Commission's textile BREF (2003) shall be considered complementary to those listed above.