Article 245
1.
The originator institution of a synthetic securitisation may calculate risk-weighted exposure amounts, and, where relevant, expected loss amounts with respect to the underlying exposures in accordance with Articles 251 and 252, where either of the following conditions is met:
(a)
significant credit risk has been transferred to third parties either through funded or unfunded credit protection;
(b)
the originator institution applies a 1 250 % risk weight to all securitisation positions that it retains in the securitisation or deducts these securitisation positions from Common Equity Tier 1 items in accordance with point (k) of Article 36(1).
2.
Significant credit risk shall be considered as transferred in either of the following cases:
(a)
the risk-weighted exposure amounts of the mezzanine securitisation positions held by the originator institution in the securitisation do not exceed 50 % of the risk-weighted exposure amounts of all mezzanine securitisation positions existing in this securitisation;
(b)
the originator institution does not hold more than 20 % of the exposure value of the first loss tranche in the securitisation, provided that both of the following conditions are met:
(i)
the originator can demonstrate that the exposure value of the first loss tranche exceeds a reasoned estimate of the expected loss on the underlying exposures by a substantial margin;
(ii)
there are no mezzanine securitisation positions.
Where the possible reduction in risk-weighted exposure amounts, which the originator institution would achieve by the securitisation, is not justified by a commensurate transfer of credit risk to third parties, competent authorities may decide on a case-by-case basis that significant credit risk shall not be considered as transferred to third parties.
3.
By way of derogation from paragraph 2, competent authorities may allow originator institutions to recognise significant credit risk transfer in relation to a securitisation where the originator institution demonstrates in each case that the reduction in own funds requirements which the originator achieves by the securitisation is justified by a commensurate transfer of credit risk to third parties. Permission may only be granted where the institution meets both of the following conditions:
(a)
the institution has adequate internal risk-management policies and methodologies to assess the transfer of risk;
(b)
the institution has also recognised the transfer of credit risk to third parties in each case for the purposes of the institution’s internal risk management and its internal capital allocation.
4.
In addition to the requirements set out in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, all of the following conditions shall be met:
(a)
the transaction documentation reflects the economic substance of the securitisation;
(b)
the credit protection by virtue of which credit risk is transferred complies with Article 249;
(c)
the securitisation documentation does not contain terms or conditions that:
(i)
impose significant materiality thresholds below which credit protection is deemed not to be triggered if a credit event occurs;
(ii)
allow for the termination of the protection due to deterioration of the credit quality of the underlying exposures;
(iii)
require the originator institution to alter the composition of the underlying exposures to improve the average quality of the pool; or
(iv)
increase the institution’s cost of credit protection or the yield payable to holders of positions in the securitisation in response to a deterioration in the credit quality of the underlying pool;
(d)
the credit protection is enforceable in all relevant jurisdictions;
(e)
where applicable, the transaction documentation makes it clear that the originator or the sponsor may only purchase or repurchase securitisation positions or repurchase, restructure or substitute the underlying exposures beyond their contractual obligations where such arrangements are executed in accordance with prevailing market conditions and the parties to them act in their own interest as free and independent parties (arm’s length);
(f)
where there is a clean-up call option, that option meets all the following conditions:
(i)
it may be exercised at the discretion of the originator institution;
(ii)
it may only be exercised when 10 % or less of the original value of the underlying exposures remains unamortised;
(iii)
it is not structured to avoid allocating losses to credit enhancement positions or other positions held by investors in the securitisation and is not otherwise structured to provide credit enhancement;
(g)
the originator institution has received an opinion from a qualified legal counsel confirming that the securitisation complies with the conditions set out in point (d) of this paragraph;
5.
The competent authorities shall inform the EBA of the cases where they have decided that the possible reduction in risk-weighted exposure amounts was not justified by a commensurate transfer of credit risk to third parties in accordance with paragraph 2, and the cases where institutions have chosen to apply paragraph 3.
6.
The EBA shall monitor the range of supervisory practices in relation to the recognition of significant risk transfer in synthetic securitisations in accordance with this Article. In particular, the EBA shall review:
(a)
the conditions for the transfer of significant credit risk to third parties in accordance with paragraphs 2, 3 and 4;
(b)
the interpretation of ‘commensurate transfer of credit risk to third parties’ for the purposes of the competent authorities’ assessment provided for in the second subparagraph of paragraph 2 and in paragraph 3; and
(c)
the requirements for the competent authorities’ assessment of securitisation transactions in relation to which the originator seeks recognition of significant credit risk transfer to third parties in accordance with paragraph 2 or 3.
The EBA shall report its findings to the Commission by 2 January 2021. The Commission may, having taken into account the report from the EBA, adopt a delegated act in accordance with Article 462, to supplement this Regulation by further specifying the items listed in points (a), (b) and (c) of this paragraph.