1.   Competent authorities, when determining the type and level of an administrative penalty or other administrative measure to be imposed in accordance with Article 39, shall take into account the extent to which the infringement is intentional or results from negligence and all other relevant circumstances, including, where appropriate:

(a)	the gravity and the duration of the infringement;

(b)	the degree of responsibility of the natural or legal person responsible for the infringement;

(c)	the financial strength of the natural or legal person responsible for the infringement, as indicated by the total turnover of the responsible legal person or the annual income and net assets of the responsible natural person;

(d)	the importance of profits gained or losses avoided by the natural or legal person responsible for the infringement, insofar as those can be determined;

(e)	the losses for third parties caused by the infringement, insofar as those can be determined;

(f)	the level of cooperation of the natural or legal person responsible for the infringement with the competent authority, without prejudice to the need to ensure disgorgement of profits gained or losses avoided by that person;

(g)	previous infringements by the natural or legal person responsible for the infringement;

(h)	the impact of the infringement on investors’ interests.

2.   Competent authorities shall exercise their functions and powers referred to in Article 39 in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 30(2).

3.   In the exercise of their powers to impose administrative penalties and other administrative measures under Article 39, competent authorities shall cooperate closely to ensure that the exercise of their supervisory and investigative powers, and the administrative penalties and other administrative measures that they impose, are effective and appropriate under this Regulation. They shall coordinate their action in order to avoid duplication and overlaps when exercising their supervisory and investigative powers and when imposing administrative penalties and other administrative measures in cross-border cases.